Physical education, a subject included in the core curriculum in all educational cycles, with different number of hours, aims at training students attitudes and habits, specific to its field, also targeting other areas of education. The current pre-university education in Romania, including the physical education classes, joined the European standards of education. These require further reforms in both the organizational documents and the deployment methodology in the educational process in all university institutions. It is known that physical education lessons are conducted in dedicated facilities (sports court, gyms) but what solution is there when we do not have these spaces? The classroom remains a loophole rescue, a space to be exploited with more creativity and motivation. This paper proposes a series of teaching strategies to achieve the objectives of physical education in primary school.

Body composition represents an important component of motor skills and health among children. According to studies an excess of adipose tissue can contribute to the decrease in performance when it comes to sprinting, endurance running, jump tests or several other sports games. The goal of this study is to determine the motor skills and the body composition of middle school students from Bihor–Hajdú-Bihar Euroregion and to present the results of the motor tests separately for subjects with a normal percent of adipose tissue and for subjects with an excess of adipose tissue. The study included 934 subjects aged 10-15, and it used the anthropometric method to determine height and weight, and the bioelectrical impedance analysis to determine the percent of adipose tissue. Motor skills were determined using 9 motor tests of the Eurofit Test Battery. The results of the measurements were statistically processed with the SPSS software. The classification of the body mass index and of the percent of adipose tissue was performed based on orientative standard values taking into consideration the subjects’ age and gender. The mean values of the motor tests were calculated separately for subjects with a normal percent of adipose tissue and for subjects with an excess of adipose tissue. Out of the total sample group 21.5% had their percent of adipose tissue below the normal values (8.8% BH; 12.7% HB); 49.9% had normal values (27.3% BH; 22.6% HB) and 28.6% (girls=117; boys=150) had an excess of adipose tissue or were obese (14.67% BH; 13.92% HB). There is a significant relation between body mass index and the percent of adipose tissue (r = 0.781, p < 0.001, CI = 95%). Students with normal percent of adipose tissue obtained better results than those with an excess of adipose tissue at seven (girls) – eight (boys) motor tests.

Data published by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Association for the Study of Obesity (IASO) suggests that the number of obese people in Europe has tripled in the last 20 years and resulted in a prevalence of 130 million obese and 400 million people overweight (Sassi et al., 2009). Body composition is the relative percentage of fat and fat-free mass (bones, muscles, organs, water, blood) of total body weight. After Wilmore, Buskirk, DiGirolamo and Lohman (1986) the optimal level for health of body fat is 16-25% (18-30%) for women. The objective of our study was to assess body composition of adult women, identifying the effect of intervention program on body fat and lean mass, and uncover cases of obesity and overweight. The study involved 95 adult women from Fit4U Fitness Center in Oradea. Period of the study: February 2015 - June 2016. Anthropometric measurements were made: height, weight, circumference, subcutaneous folds. It was calculated the body mass index (BMI), body composition and optimal body weight (estimation based on the five skinfolds measures). The physical activity program consisted of Step - aerobics, Pilates and strength training in the gym, 3 times a week for 60-90 minutes, for 12 months. Results: mean body mass, BMI, BF%, real BF decreased significantly. Mean body fat percentage from 25,63% (± 6,53) decreased to 22,95% (± 5,56). In the studied group overweight and obesity is more frequent in the age group between 35-44 years, but it can be seen the prevalence in all age groups. Conclusions: the physical activity program had a beneficial effect on body composition - by reducing body fat.We found cases of overweight and obesity (21% of the study group).

Our study focused on the importance of using dynamic games on learning basic technical elements in volleyball and their influence on anthropometric development in children. The research had two groups of pupils, the first - the experimental group consisted of 20 pupils aged between 10 and 12, 12 boys and 8 girls, a group with which we worked alongside the 2 hours of physical education in the program with an additional 3 hours of volleyball training; the second group - the control group, consisting of 20 pupils aged between 10 and 12, 13 boys and 7 girls, a group with which we followed the classical curriculum. The methods used in the research were: method of study of specialized literature, observation method, experiment method (anthropometry and technical tests), mathematical method, graphic method. The results showed significant differences in anthropometric development between the two samples as well as important differences in the acquisition of technical elements in the volleyball game. The findings of the study showed that the dynamic games used and the playful agonist program utilized in the experimental group had efficiency both on the physical development and in particular on the learning of the basic technical elements of the volleyball game.

This study addresses sport in higher education in relation to its organization structure, quality and sports performance. We have studied documents, normative acts and the way in which certain decisional factors involved in higher education sports activities are organized. The lack of a concrete strategy in this respect, renders the information sources to be relatively limited. Particularly, our research was based on scientific documentation, historical method and document analysis. There is a small number of legitimated athletes related to the number of higher education students. Higher education sport is a non-functional system, it cannot generate a representative number of participants in the National University Championships, and the international representation is not a natural consequence of the internal competition. Therefore, it is imperative for higher education sports to be the foundation of performance sports. This involves changing both the approach to this phenomenon and its organizational structure. Also, the development of human resources and sports infrastructure are essential conditions for the development of sports activity.

The selection is a systematic and continuous process by means of which the specialists aim to identify children with special skills for practicing certain sports, on the basis of certain biological and psychological criteria. It operates continuously and simultaneously to the training process starting from beginner level up to high performances, and implies a set of periodical evaluations intended to emphasize the child’s skills to successfully practicing a sport. The selection is a permanent process and is of the utmost importance, since the value of the athlete and implicitly of the team’s subsequent performance depends on the quality of such selection. A good selection organization and running shall facilitate the discovery of the children with the highest potential. Otherwise, the coach shall invest work, time and knowledge in preparing certain athletes who later on, upon transition to senior level, would not obtain expected results. The performance is originated in three main sources: athlete’s biological and personality value, the intellectual value expressed by the specialists’ body managing the training pattern programming, and time. Within this triptych, time is a constant, while the other two sources are variable.

Physical activity is starting to be a priority in child development, more and more scientist in physical education and sport field try to highlight the importance of practicing sport fervently organized or independent. In our study, we concentrated our work in analyzing two school groups consisted of 25 children, with 9 to 10 years. The first group was the experimental group with which we tried to have more physical activity, they had two hours of physical education and sport, one optional hour of sport and 2 other hours of trainings in basketball so they practice one hour of sport every day, special sports camp and basketball competitions. The second group, the control group, had two physical education and sport lessons per week and we followed the specific program. As methods of research, we used the observation method, for analyzing social integration, and also the anthropometric exams that consisted in measuring, at initial test in 2014 and at the final test in 2015, the dimensions of children body and development. We used measurements of height, weight, different length of superior and inferior segments, bust, spread of arms, biacromial diameter, bitrohanterian diameter and chest perimeter. The results, at the final testing, showed us that the experimental group had a better development than the control group, with better indices at almost every indicator, so we can conclude that in our case the everyday sport activity helps in the child body development.